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the really hard thing about

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understanding the human impact on

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climate is the effect of aerosols their

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effect on the planets radiation balance

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depends upon what altitude they're at it

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depends upon what size the particles are

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and it depends upon whether they absorb

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sunlight or just reflected but in

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addition there's an even harder problem

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and that's the fact that aerosols have

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an influence on clouds we've had

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measurements of greenhouse gases but we

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haven't had measurements accurate enough

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of the other major forcing which is

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what glory does is fill in that missing

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data the big thing about glory is it

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will finally make aerosol measurements

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with an accuracy that allows you to

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determine their role in climate change

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Gloria is going to fly two instruments

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for us the first one is called the

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aerosol polarimetry center or aps it

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will be the most advanced sensor of its

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kind when we fly it and the mission of

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the APS sensor is to help us

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characterize the particles that are in

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the atmosphere both man-made particles

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from pollution and also naturally

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occurring particles from things like

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forest fires and volcanoes and those

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types of things this is a very complex

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instrument one of a kind is the first

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instrument that will study aerosols that

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was specifically designed to study the

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least understood cause of climate change

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represented by aerosoles would call it a

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polarimeter because it measures the

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polarization of light light is a wave

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and the wave can either be going along

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it this way or it can be going along in

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this way and which way it prefers to go

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is its polarization state if you take

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sunlight where sunlight doesn't have any

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preferred orientation and you scatter it

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off little particles when you look at

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the light that gets scattered by those

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particles it will have a preferred state

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and so you end up with polarized signal

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so that's the signal that we're looking

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at with the APS my measuring

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polarization of light we can tell much

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more about the size of the aerosol

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particles about their shapes and even

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above their chemical composition one of

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the reasons that it's important to

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measure the aerosols from space is we

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get a global picture but the other thing

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that glory does which has never been

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done before is measure all of the

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radiation parameters so you can

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characterize the aerosol properties much

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more accurately

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and finally it looks at a given place

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from several different angles so that

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tells you the full information on the

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radiation field and that allows you to

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infer aerosol properties much more

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accurately than any previous instrument

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is done it is this egra so that will

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allow us a to for example discriminate

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between natural and anthropogenic

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aerosols and this is really important

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especially for policymakers we have no

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influence on the natural particles but

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we have a lot of influence of the

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anthropogenic man-made particles the

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data from glory is primarily for the

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purpose of telling us what the

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mechanisms are that force the climate

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models how aerosols are changing and how

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clouds are changing because of aerosols

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but also the detailed information on the

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clouds is useful in itself for helping

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us improve our cloud models and clouds

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are an important part of the climate

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we're finally going to make polarization

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measurements of the Earth from space

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we've actually made more precise

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measurements of the aerosols on other

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planets than we have of the earth given

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the fact that aerosols have comparable

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importance to that of greenhouse gases